Rape Culture And Its Effect On Society Essay - 1342 Words

Rape Culture is Internalized in Our Society Society has normalized rape culture. In our society, victims of sexual assault are blamed for their own assault, while those that assaulted them are often given reassuring words. However, in our society, rapists are often times excused for their actions while actual victims of sexual assault are scrutinized. Rape culture is internalized in our society from a young age through the normalization of sexualizing women, the excusing of rapists and the blaming of the victims, and through the media. Rape culture is real, and it is a part of our society. Undoubtedly, one of the biggest ways we normalize rape culture is through the sexualization of women. One in five women have been sexually assaulted in one form or another during their life. We live in a society where sexual assault can be put off as â€Å"locker room talk†. In reality, it is objectifying women and their rights. These beliefs are institutionalized at a young age. At a young age, women are told things such as: If he hits you, then he likes you, boys will be boys, or that you have to dress a certain way so that you will not be perceived a certain way and be an easy target. At a young age, women are consistently taught to be wary and to be careful so that they do not make themselves a target. While boys are taught that their behavior is acceptable and excusable. In turn, they become what girls are taught to be wary of. Society shoves that kind of rhetoric into young children,Show MoreRelatedRape Culture And Its Effect On Society1532 Words   |  7 PagesRape cul ture is all around us; it lurks in advertisement, television shows, and movies, it’s even in our language objectifying women’s bodies. Rape culture is defined as â€Å"an environment in which rape is prevalent and in which sexual violence against women is normalized and excused in the media and popular culture† (marshall.edu). Something to keep in mind, the term is called â€Å"rape culture† for a reason. â€Å"Culture† is defined in anthropological terms as learned behaviors that are passed on from generationRead MoreRape Culture And Its Effect On Society2129 Words   |  9 PagesThe term ‘rape culture’ was coined by feminists in the United States in 1970. The term itself was designed to illustrate the ways in which society blamed victims of sexual assault, and how the normalization of male sexual violence was acceptable. Rape culture can stem from the acceptance of rape as a daily occurrence, manifested as a male prerogative. Ther e is a hesitation by the authorities to go against the patriarchal cultural norms, hence linking nonconsensual sex to the cultural dispositionRead MoreEssay about The Effects of Rape Culture in Modern Society 1107 Words   |  5 Pagesfreedom of expression, statistics show rape and sexual assault numbers have risen due to the presence of rape culture in modern society. Rape culture promotes more assaults and violent acts, not only towards women but also towards men. Some evidence rape culture is present in today’s society are rising statistics showing that only three out of a hundred rapists see jail time and that over 17 million American women are victims of sexual assault every year. Rape culture is seen in every aspect of daily AmericanRead MoreRape Culture And Rape Myths1634 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom getting raped. In this paper, I will discuss how living in a rape culture affects women and men, how does rape myths affect society and how we can change the negative effe cts of living in a rape culture and rape myths. In order to understand this, we must first define what rape is. Rape is unwanted sexual attentions or actions that are directed to a person. Rape can happen to anyone but it is most common to happen women. Rape happens to women around the ages of 16-24 and it is â€Å"considered toRead MoreThe Importance Of Rape1389 Words   |  6 PagesConsidered one of the most heinous crimes—rape. Rape is so widespread in our society it has morphed into a culture. Rape culture refers to the normalization of sexual violence. Unfortunately, the beliefs and attitudes of society have led to the perpetuation of rape culture. Some consider the idea of rape culture ridiculous and an overstatement. Sadly, it is not. Consequently, rape culture is so ingrained in our society that we rarely notice it. It is there every time the victim gets blamedRead MoreAmerica s Thriving Rape Culture1492 Words   |  6 PagesAmerica’s Thriving Rape Culture America has a proud history of being a country that has many different ethnicities and cultures living within its borders. But one of the most prevalent cultures is one that transcends race or country of origin, rape culture. The term used by modern day feminist and gender activist defines a culture which normalizes rape and sexual assaults because of the deeply rooted societal attitudes towards gender and sexuality. In a rape culture the instances of rape are acceptedRead MoreEssay about Rape Culture: Are Women Asking for It?1698 Words   |  7 PagesSmith’s Encycolpedia of Rape defines the term â€Å"rape culture† as â€Å"one in which rape and other sexual violence against women . . . [is] both prevalent and considered the norm† (174). Rape is not a new subject in today’s society, its origins reaching far back into history. What causes rape, though? Is it the primal drive of men to exhibit dominance over all women, or do the women share the blame beca use of the way they dress, act, or do their makeup? Modern American culture would place the blame onRead MoreThe Effects Of Violence Against Women On North American Society1663 Words   |  7 PagesQuestion: How do social norms contribute to the persistence of violence against women in North American society? Inter-disciplinary approach There are many factors that contribute to violence against women. There are obvious factors such as substance abuse by both the abused or the abuser that lead to violence. Cycles of poverty and the stresses that come with economic struggle are known factors in violence as well. Economic struggles inside and outside of the home are stresses and not only doesRead MoreIn The Movies Happens In Real Life Analysis907 Words   |  4 Pagesimpact psychological well-being and security which leads to conflict in other areas of life such as relationships with friends and family. Society plays a huge role in how women’s identities have been altered. Culture and perception also influence women’s identities with the use of gender norms, specifically rape culture, as well as the normalization of rape. This normalization, society’s negative perceptions, and trauma combined will then impact a woman’s mental well-being throughout her life. Read MoreAmanda Mclaurin. Info rmative Outline. Topic:Rape Culture.1701 Words   |  7 PagesOutline Topic: Rape Culture Specific Purpose: To inform the audience of how our society has become a rape culture. Thesis: Due to overexposure our society has become desensitized to the effects of rape and sexual abuse allowing a rape culture to flourish. I. Introduction a. Attention Getter: What is rape? By definition provided by Justice.gov, â€Å"Rape is the penetration, no matter how slight, by a sex organ of another person, without the consent of the victim.† A majority of rapes, go unreported

Conflict Theory Of The Criminology Field - 946 Words

Writing Assignment # IV Conflict Theory Experts in the criminology field have searched for ways to comprehend criminal behavior by establishing specific theories. One of the most interesting theories is certainly the Conflict theory. Although, some criminologists refer to conflict theory as radical theory; there are a few differences that will be mentioned subsequently in this paper by defining both theories. It is also important to mention a summary containing a combination of the radical and conflict theory principles. The relevance and applicability of this specific theories will also be discussed as it is essential for the continuation of same. Having a clear understanding of the conflict and radical theories roots as well as its development enhances the view of how the current criminal justice system operates. Evidently and unfortunately, it seems that parts of the criminal justice system practices were created to benefit somehow the powerful richer people. First of all, conflict theory is derived from Max Weber and Georg Simmel, German sociologists who initiated this idea of how the upper class affects in a negative way the lower class. In other words, conflict theory can be defined as the â€Å"inequality based on differences in wealth, status, ideas, religious beliefs, and so forth† (Lanier, Henry, Anastasia, 2015, p. 245). These inequalities are the reason causing many conflicts between the rich and the poor in a disproportionate divided society. The termShow MoreRelatedA Comparative Study of the Field Criminal Justice and Criminology1314 Words   |  6 PagesA Comparative Study of the Fields Criminal Justice and Criminology Javier Landa-Miranda Ivy Tech Community College CRIM 101 What is Criminal Justice and what is Criminology? They are the same? Those are the questions that people ask their selves when they talk about those fields. There might be many controversies about the differences and similarities about Criminal Justice and Criminology. People must think that these two fields are totally different or just the same thing. The reality isRead MoreThe Main Tenets And Assumptions Of Critical Criminology759 Words   |  4 Pagesperspective in the field of criminology that addresses power differentials, inequalities and hierarchies as the explanations of crime is known as critical criminology. In the making and enforcement of law, critical theoretical perspectives are helpful in the reduction of crime by reducing the social, economical and political disparities in a social agency. Critical criminology actually provides a huge framework for the discussion of many other approaches followed in criminology like conflict theory, post-modernismRead MoreSocial Di sorganization Theory And Cultural Deviance Theory1325 Words   |  6 PagesAs criminologist continue research on the sociological theories as it relates to the social structure, social process and the impact of social life. There is still room to compare and contrast the social structure theories that include social disorganization theory, strain theories and cultural deviance theory. The social disorganization theory was first referenced with the displacement among immigrants. Scholars believed this was due to the immigrants inability to transfer norms and values fromRead MoreCriminology1427 Words   |  6 Pages(Siegal, 2010) (McLaughlin amp; Muncie, 2005) Criminology 211 Essay This essay topic consists of two main components. The first requires you to demonstrate your knowledge of and a familiarity with the theory/perspective and the second requires you to demonstrate an understanding of its application (in either policy or practice) and the impact of its application. i)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Briefly identify the main features and concepts of radical criminology. ii)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Critically discuss theRead MoreThe General Strain Theory Of Criminology Essay1521 Words   |  7 Pagesa General Strain Theory of criminology, it is important to, first of all, understand the meaning of the term criminology. Criminology, as defined by the two social theorists, Cesare Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham of Italy and England respectively in their classical school of criminology, is the scientific study of crime, its causes, law enforcement as well as prevention measures taken to curb and control the crime in this case. Despite the fact that criminology has lots of fields including sociologyRead MoreOrganizational Issues In Criminal Justice1009 Words   |  5 PagesIn this new age of consciousness evoking the notion of progress and continuity with new ideas in the field of administration of justice is truly a remarkable phenomenon (Taylor, 2013). Overtime numerous theories have been posited regarding the caus es of crime and deterring criminal behavior. However, little attention has been given to the law enforcement of social policy and government regulation. Meier (19877) suggests that one path toward addressing justice issues would be to strive for moreRead MoreFeminism And Criminology871 Words   |  4 Pagesimpact of feminist approaches within criminology. It will demonstrate how these theoretical perspectives have changed our opinion on women as victims, as well as criminals themselves. By exploration of taboo subjects such as the danger of prostitution looking into how it can prove problematic for feminism. In addition to the labelling of domestic violence, whilst uncovering a variety of key theorists and perspectives. Feminism is crucial to the study of criminology as it takes away traditional explanationsRead More Juevenile Delinquency Essay904 Words   |  4 Pages The Criminology of the Juvenile Mind Criminology is defined as the scientific study of the nature, extent, cause and control of criminal behavior. Due to the non-ending threat of crime, violence and even terror threats, criminology has gained in popularity as an academic field of study. Criminology is the scientific approach to studying criminal behavior. {Larry Siegel, Criminology Theories, patterns amp; Typologies, 2004.} In studying criminal behavior scientist have categorized the periodRead MoreExamining Theory Paper1219 Words   |  5 Pages Examining Theory Paper Criminology—CJA/314 December 20, 2012 Sandra Janics Introduction There are many theories in the field of criminology that seek to explain the reasons behind why people commit crimes. Social process theory is one such theory and asserts that criminal behavior is learned through interactions with others (Schmalleger, 2012). There are four types of social process theories including: social learning theory, social control theory, labeling theory, and dramaturgical perspectiveRead MoreSocial Learning Theory And Social Theory1133 Words   |  5 PagesThere are many theories in the field of criminology that seek to explain the reasons behind why people commit crimes. Social process theory is one such theory and asserts that criminal behavior is learned through interactions with others (Schmalleger, 2012). There are four types of social process theories including: social learning theory, social control theory, labeling theory, and dramaturgical perspective. This paper will explore two of the theories including social learning theory and social control

International Airlines Hit by European Unions’s CO2 Emissions Plan Free Essays

Bearing in mind that this article is comprehensive, coherent and fluent, the written account is inclusive and demonstrates an apparent connection with Section 2. 4 Market Failure and sets up a close relation with the two sections in particular; negative externalities1 and the possible governmental responses concerning the quandary given, which in this case proposes a European Commission draft proposal requiring all flights arriving at or departing from the European Union airports to buy permits for their carbon dioxide emissions. This article is effective for the internal assessment because it does not dive into the economic theory, but introduces many notions that can easily be absorbed into economic presumptions and then be analysed. We will write a custom essay sample on International Airlines Hit by European Unions’s CO2 Emissions Plan or any similar topic only for you Order Now The extract portrays about how the advantages and disadvantages of using pollution permits, how effective they are and how several European companies are learning to deal with the more stringent regulations of the EU on pollution as a result of global warming. Pollution permits, are certain amounts of CO2 which are allowed to be emitted by companies in during production. These are given out by the respective governments to the companies, who can also purchase further permits from other companies who don’t need all their permission to pollute. 2 The draft proposal which will require all flights arriving or departing from EU airports to buy permits to cover their carbon dioxide emissions, will be presented just before Christmas, and is crucial to the community’s fight against global warning and climate change. The E. U. has incorporated pollution permits, in order to curb carbon gas emission, and slow down global warming, forcing international airlines to pay for the negative externalities they are causing during production. This means that the trans-national airlines have to pay for the vertical distance between SMC and PMC, so that they are paying the expenditure the society would normally have to sacrifice for, which can be seen in Figure 1. , before the European Unions incorporation of pollution permits: Fig 1. 1: Before the Introduction of Pollution permits Figure 1. 2: After the Introduction of Pollution permits Figure 1. 1 shows the situation clearly before the pollution permits were introduced by the European Union draft proposal. The problem undoubtedly being that the market was experiencing failure, as the global airline firms did not have to pay the cost they were causing the society by their carbon gas emissions. In Figure 1. , the Private Marginal Cost (PMC) has shifted into the same position as the Social Marginal Cost (SMC) 3 was in Figure 1. 1, as now the Airliners have to pay for the negative externalities they are causing, consequently leaving the society left without having to pay for the pollution the aircraft caused, and the negative externality being pollution, abolished. Also, the Private Marginal Cost has become sharper, as the company must now compensations in case it exceeds a certain amount of carbon gas emissions. This is an incentive for the company to either produce less or produce more eco-friendly. As a result, Figure 1. 3 will arise, as the respective Airline Firm is now producing eco-friendly, and will not exceed the limits on its carbon gas emissions, furthermore will even be able to sell some of its excess pollution permits, to other firms who need surplus to cover their pollution. Fig 1. 3: During the Introduction of Pollution permits: The problem is that it does not happen like this, and that in fact the limits on the emissions are far too large for there to be any effect, and David Henderson from the Association of European Airlines (AEA), â€Å"We could see another trade war,† cited stiff opposition from the US several years ago against European plans aimed at reducing jet engine noise. A possible solution to the continuing problem would be further stringent regulations by the E. U. , and possibly a solid example are, the airline emission controls would come under already existing European emissions trading scheme (ETS), which was launched in â€Å"2005 as the cornerstone of EU efforts to cut greenhouse gas emissions under the 1997 Kyoto Protocol. † 4 An evaluation of the economic theory shows that the idea behind the pollution permits is very good, and that there are some advantages of using it in real-life. However, it does not work as smoothly as was initially planned. For one, international airline firms are able to evade paying for the pollution permits, by moving production to developing economies outside the E. U. , who don’t have any regulations on the carbon gas emissions. The effects of this are that they pollute excessively in the new production environment, which has exactly the opposite effect to the desired one. This of course, shows that many alterations need to be undertaken for the European Commission draft proposal’s requirement of all flights arriving at or departing from EU airports to buy permits for their carbon dioxide emissions to work effectively. The E. U. will have to alter their plan slightly, which should be made more rigorous and binding to produce the desired plan, which is the slowing down of global warming, but also to combat the endless possibilities of negative externalities. How to cite International Airlines Hit by European Unions’s CO2 Emissions Plan, Papers

To Thine Own Self Be True free essay sample

This above all: to thine own self be true. † -William Shakespeare It is amazing how many of us are not true to ourselves. Some of us allow others to define who we are as people. Some of us do not accept ourselves and try to act differently. Some of us do not even love ourselves. Shakespeare’s quote â€Å"this above all: to thine own self be true† is perfect advice that tells us to act, know, and love ourselves as human beings. The first thing I think Shakespeare was trying to tell us was to not let others shape our personalities. I think that the media and our peers often try to make us who they want us to be or what they think is cool. Shakespeare was telling us not to let that happen. In reality, the coolest you can be is yourself. Others will love you for who you are, not who you act as. We will write a custom essay sample on To Thine Own Self Be True or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If they don’t, they are not the people you should hang around with. The second thing I think Shakespeare was talking about in the quote was accepting ourselves. One of the hardest yet best things to do in life is accepting who you are. We all have flaws, but you need to overlook them in yourself and in others. Before you can accept yourself, you also have to know yourself. I believe that there is good in every single person on earth, and whether you intend to or not, you learn more and more about your goodness every day in your kind actions and thoughts. Therefore, when you truly know yourself, which happens over time, you know that you are good, and when you know that you are good, accepting yourself comes easy. Lastly, I think that by be true Shakespeare also meant love. When you love yourself, you do not want to be anyone but you. Loving yourself comes from loving life and those around you. When you love life you will find it nearly impossible not to love yourself. In addition, when you love yourself, you will find it nearly impossible not to love life. If you follow Shakespeare’s quote â€Å"this above all: to thine own self be true† your life will be truly meaningful. First, happiness will play a big part in your life if you are true to yourself. You will not be wishing to be someone else once you learn to love you. Second, you will feel secure when you are true to yourself. You won’t be afraid of what other people think when you express yourself. Lastly, being true to yourself will make loving life easy. People will love you, you will love yourself, and you will love life when you learn to follow Shakespeare’s quote. You are beautiful so don’t hide it!

The World of Culinary Arts Essay Example For Students

The World of Culinary Arts Essay Cooking food is commonly known as culinary art. The word culinary is related to the art of making various kinds of food. A culinary working in restaurants is commonly known as a cook or a chef. The chef skillfully prepares food that is pleasing to the eye and the palate of the guests. They are required to hue knowledge of the science of food and the understanding of diet and nutrition. They work primarily in restaurants, hotels, airlines, cruise liners, hospitals and other institutions. Kitchen conditions depend upon the demand and type of cuisines. The art Of making various cuisines can be termed as Culinary Arts. The history of culinary arts goes back to asses when the very first cooking school was started in Boston, America. Where teaching the art of cooking preparing the food were given to students, inurn they passed on their knowledge to others. The actual revolution started later in Culinary Arts through the television where in 1946, James Beard started regular cooking classes in the art of American Cooking. The French cooking was introduced in American homes by Julia Child, in asss hen through the power of the radio she entered all the kitchens nationwide. We will write a custom essay on The World of Culinary Arts specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The culinary institute of America or CIA was founded and was the first of its kind in the country to hold career based cooking courses on the art of cooking, The cuisine and latest innovations worldwide are based on the ingredients available around the region, The dishes also depend upon the cultural and the socio- economic conditions of the city, region and country. Food is one thing that has always been and will continue to be a big part of our daily lives as a result of Emily recipes that are inherited from the ancestors. Those who are interested in cooking. Go to culinary schools to learn the art and obtain their professional degree in the field of culinary arts. The beauty of this art lies in the skill of understanding various types of tastes, presentations and foods main features. The restaurant industry is fast moving with the trend of initiating better- flavored food from local sources. Industry pioneers are progressing towards new initiatives including the composting of food waste and recycling of cooking in lieu for serving economic and innovative dishes.

Essay sample on #8220;The Socratic Method#8221;

Essay sample on #8220;The Socratic Method#8221; The Socratic method was developed by none other than Socrates- the godfather of western philosophy. The objective of it is to break down what we think, and to see reality with fresh eyes. It is done through a dialogue between people, where someone states something as true, and other individuals ask questions to critically assess whether the claim is correct. Socrates developed this method through his informal talks with a wide range of people. Eventually, through his questions, the individuals he talked to began to doubt their answers to fundamental inquiries, such as, â€Å"What is justice?† Thus, the Socratic method penetrates deep into thinking processes and exposes the flaws of our essential reasoning. In the following paragraphs, the method will be discussed in detail, from its development, process, and applications. Development Socrates (c. 470– 399 BC) believed that learning was not so much about gathering information, but more about keeping an open mind. His style of teaching was through dialogue, whereby the student would think he or she knows something, but was shown that his or her knowing was not exacting. Socrates started to teach through these dialogues after a friend of his, Chaerephon, had visited the Oracle of Delphis of his dialogues were recorded and expounded on his Plato’s works. Though Socrates may have come off as pretending not to know anything, through his wisdom and philosophical introspection, he understood that knowledge cannot be attained (Jarratt, Susan C.). Process It requires two people: one person with a claim, and one person who asks questions about the statement. It follows several steps:] The questioner allows the other person to encapsulate his or her claim. The questioner asks for evidence from the other person. The questioner challenges the assumptions of the individual making the claim. The questioner finds an exception in the idea of the person who made the original statement. The questioner asks the person to reform his or her original claim. The questioner goes through more inquiries and exceptions to show that the reforming of the original idea is not correct. Either the person who made the claim becomes exasperated or expresses doubt, or the questioner makes a conclusive statement about the false nature of the claims that have been made (wikiHow). Throughout this process, it is key that both sides do not become angry or frustrated- especially the questioner. The Socratic method is done with mutual respect, decency, and diplomacy. Applications The main application for the Socratic method is showing how concepts that are vague or lack concreteness can be exposed as false. These are often general principles we hold dear. It makes us reevaluate our foundations of thought and values. This method is also good for breaking down philosophical theories one has or other people have. It is a way to test theories of the intellect. Modern usage of the Socratic method can be found in not only philosophy but also in tutoring and teaching. Instead of telling students what to fix in their assignments, many teachers believe it is better to employ the Socratic method so that students arrive at the answers themselves. This process allows learners to resonate strongly with answers (â€Å"Socratic Method of Teaching: Pros and Cons†). The Socratic method was developed by one of the founders of western philosophy, Socrates. After hearing he was supposed to be the wisest person in Greece according to the Oracle, he tested out the claim by having dialogues with prominent thinkers of the time. He determined through his questions that his wisdom lay in knowing that he did not know anything, whereas other people thought they knew something. These dialogues formed the Socratic method, which was later adopted by Plato. This tool is not used to prove anything. Rather, it is for breaking down thoughts and concepts that are taken as facts or true, and showing that knowledge is essentially non-obtainable. Jarratt, Susan C. Rereading the Sophists: Classical Rhetoric Refigured. Carbondale and Edwardsville: Southern Illinois University Press, 1991., p 83. â€Å"Socratic Method of Teaching: Pros and Cons.† Portland, 15 Feb. 2018, education.cu-portland.edu/blog/classroom-resources/should-educators-use-the-socratic-method-of-teaching/. wikiHow. â€Å"How to Argue Using the Socratic Method.† WikiHow, WikiHow, 28 Mar. 2019, www.wikihow.com/Argue-Using-the-Socratic-Method.

The international debt crisis-causes, consequences, and remedies Research Paper

The international debt crisis-causes, consequences, and remedies - Research Paper Example A nation usually runs a surplus in the capital account when it runs a current account deficit. A capital account surplus is an inflow of the foreign capita; in the nation which is often advantageous to a country. The main question that is posted by critiques is where these monies go and their role in the growth and development of the economies. If it is used for consumption, it will not have any injections and therefore more debts. It will be more stress to the country as opposed to when it is invested. It is unarguable that debt crisis is a challenge to a number of countries across the globe. In a number of economies, the crisis started during the mid-1970s when a number of the Organizations of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) managed to amass wealth and banks were willing to lend billions of dollars. A number of developing economies borrowed huge sums of money at floating and low interest rates. Due to the irresponsibility of the debtor governments and the creditors, the money borrowed was not used in the productive purposes, i.e. investment; rather it was used for immediate consumption. Consequently, these countries could not generate enough finances to repay the loans. The incidences of adjustable interest loans increased during Reagan’s administration in the United States to reduce inflation through the enforcement of stringent rules. (Madura, 2012) During this time, the prices of the raw materials collapsed, meaning that a number of poor countries did not have enou gh money to repay the debts. Most developing countries failed to pay their debts and have heavily relied on the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. There was however a condition those countries were to adopt economic structural adjustments. The government of the affected countries was forced to cut costs on education, health, and other social services to be able to repay the debts. In Latin America, the per capita of most countries plummeted, the GDP stagnated and

Health Care Reform Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Health Care Reform - Essay Example One disadvantaged group are the employers. They have to pay for medical coverage for all their employees. Additionally, there will be a major increase in the insurance price coverage for all employees. Illegal immigrants in the U.S will not be entitled to any medical coverage even if they use their own money (Jackson & Nolen, 2010). In the reforms, practices and individuals with the motive of carrying out abortion will not be provided with any medical insurance cover. After the reforms have been effected, DHHS (Department of Health and Human Services) agencies will have the task of ensuring that the implementation of the reforms is successful. Additionally, the agencies will have the mandate of providing guidelines to medical institutions, insurance institutions and the ordinary individuals on the requirements of the reforms (Holtz, 2008). The agencies will also be provided with the right of prosecuting individuals and institutions which fail to adhere to the reforms requirements. In the reforms, some legal issues have been added in regards to nursing. For instance, nursing practitioners have been cautioned on the carrying out of abortions. The health care reforms has also advocated for wage increases for nurses as well as inclusion on medical coverage from their employers (Holtz, 2008). In addition, several nursing agencies have been established to act on behalf of the welfare of all nurses in the Unites

Mission Statement & SWOT Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Mission Statement & SWOT Analysis - Essay Example It means the corporation provides a social platform for the professional people. It shows superior level of organizational commitment towards the general societal welfare. The US based organization has a clear objective to contribute towards the professional society (LinkedIn Corporation). The organization was founded in 2002. Within one era, the company has able to grab almost 20 million members which is itself a staggering record. This kind of huge membership is indicating proactive stance of social responsibility. Across the world the organization has directly or indirectly funded several professional programs. Apart from financial support the company has indirectly communicated towards the society as well. With the help of this business oriented social networking service talented people of the global society has showcased their professional talents and members of the LinkedIn have come across lots of opportunities. All the above discussions and arguments are clearly indicating th at being a professional social networking company the organization has fulfilled all the criterions required for a proactive socially responsible organization. That is why the selection of this stance is absolutely proper with the nature of LinkedIn. Linkedin Corporation. Annual report 2013. April 2014. Web. 10 November. 2014.

Sordaria Fimicola: Meiotic Divisions Experiment

Sordaria Fimicola: Meiotic Divisions Experiment Abstract The purpose of this investigation is to determine the frequency of meiotic divisions analyzed from hybrid crossings collected from different strains of the fungus Sordaria fimicola. The experiment was conducted to demonstrate hybrid crossings with MI and MII patterns of ascospores within the asci. Over the course of seven days, the sample of Sordaria was incubated and fused under laboratory conditions. In the outer areas of the blocks of agar, hyphae growth from the mutant tan strain (t-g+) and wild-type black strain (t+g+) was visible through the X-shaped and outer rims of the Petri dish. By identifying the amounts of non-hybrid and hybrid MI and MII asci, the observation of ascospores within the asci displayed the one possible pattern of MI, and the four possible patterns of MII. The first part of the laboratory experiment formed a hypothesis predicting that 8 ascospores would result from two stages of Meiosis and one stage of Mitosis. After calculating the frequency of crossing over, the map distance of the gene to the centromere in the tan colored gene observed was 32 map units, significantly different from the projected null hypothesis and expected 26 map units. Introduction Many research investigations utilize the common fungus Sordaria fimicola as a primary and reliable model organism for displaying genetics due to its firm structure and life cycle. Mapping the distance between the tan gene (t-g+) and the centromere requires careful preparation of a fused sample of Sordaria already containing hybrid and non hybrid arrangements in the ascus. By measuring the amounts of hybrid MI (non-crossover) asci and MII (crossover) asci, and calculating the frequency of crossover, the percentage of Asci may also be calculated from the rate of crossovers throughout the experiment. With an understanding of frequency of crossover, biological ideologies such as adaptation, mutation, and recombination are expressed fully within the experiment. The null hypothesis states that there will not be a considerable difference between the expected 26 map units and the observed map distance from the collected class data (Helms, Kosinski, Cummings, 350). Collective effort from each bench to calculate the correct amount of asci assigned will certainly affect the frequency of calculation and rejection or acceptance of the null hypothesis. Biological evolution closely relates to the process of Sordaria crossovers. Mendels Law of Independent Assortment is directly validated through the life cycle of the fungus. As a member of Ascomycota, Sordaria fimicola practices strict sexual reproduction, and provides the easiest visualization of meiosis I, II, and mitotic division found in the ascus (Volk). Some characteristics that display the easiness of observation lie in the Sordaria fimicola structure. Lengthened nature of the ascus prevents the overlapping of ascospores. Therefore, carefully ruptured perithecia are rightly lined up according to the production of meiosis of tan and black spores: making it relatively easier to perform with more efficiency in counting MI and MII patterns. With its phenotype almost equivalent to its genotype, due to the absence of another dominant allele, the accurate physical traits are examined directly from the genetic makeup of Sordaria (Helms, Kosinski, Cummings, 334). During hybrid crossovers in Prophase I, a tetrad forms four haploid nuclei, each of which then form two haploid nuclei, leading to a total of eight ascospores in a single ascus. Generally, Sordaria is a common fungus for genetics research because of various reasons centered on the easiness in the demonstration of Meiosis, observation of structure, and/or behavior of its life cycle. Growth of the Sordaria fungus is a significant factor and dependent variable carried out throughout the study. The Ascomycota fungus only grows under the conditions of decomposing vegetation, making it available for nutrients to be absorbed and increase hyphae growth and extension (Meiosis and Recombination in Sordaria Fimicola). The results of this study could contribute to a broader knowledge of mutation, biodiversity, and segregation. Further applications towards investigating meiotic and mitotic crossovers and map distances may soon propose new interpretations of Mendels laws. Materials and Methods During week one of the experiment, wild -type black (+) and mutant tan (t) cultures of Sordaria fimicola were obtained and while using aseptic technique, placed in a sterile Petri dish divided into four subsections labeled for the two gene colors. After a metal spatula was disinfected into 95% ethanol, it was heated using a Bunsen burner and cooled for 10 to 15 seconds. While carefully lifting the lid of the Petri dish slightly to prevent contamination, a block of agar was removed and transferred faced down for mycelium linkage and crossing agar. After re-flaming the spatula and repeating proper aseptic technique, the process was repeated with wild type (+) black strain and two mutant (t) tan strains positioned on the marks of the Petri dish indicating the labeled plus(+) sign. After all necessary blocks of agar have been placed in the proper sections of the Petri dish, the plates were incubated in 22 to 24 °C temperature in the dark for 7 days. During week two, a plate of Sordaria fimicola containing the fusion of black and tan strains were obtained for the analysis of hybrids and non hybrids within the 8 produced ascospores. Using a toothpick, the surface of the plate along the X-shaped area was scraped gently to collect a sample of perithecia. A slide of perithecia was prepared by dropping water on a slide the collected perithecia, and then secured with a coverslip. Before placing the slide under a 10x Objective microscope, the slide was first gently pressured with a pencil eraser or equivalent pressure pointer rupturing the perithecia without destroying the structure of the ascus. Using the microscope, slides were examined to locate hybrid and non hybrid asci. Class data on numbers of MI, MII, Total Asci, percentage of crossover, and frequency were calculated. A Chi -Square Test was performed since necessary. (Helms, Kosinski, Cummings 336 -350). Discussion Based on the individual bench results, the number of total MI and MII asci counted depended on the number of asci assigned per person. For example, since there were only two bench members in Bench B and each bench member in the class were assigned to find and count 5 hybrid crossovers each, consequently, there was a total of 10 MI and MII asci for Bench B, shown on the table. According to the Biology Lab manual, 26 map units was the published map distance of the tan spore gene from the centromere (Helms 350). The level of frequency is closely related to how loosely or tightly linked genes are on the chromosome. For this experiment, the deviations between the frequencies of the benches individually does not seem drastic, although the results from Bench F shows a slight over calculation of total asci counted, therefore resulting with the highest frequency level of 34.6, way over the expected 26 map units. Analyzing the class data as a whole, with 276 total MI and MII Asci counted, the percent (%) of Asci showing crossover was 64%, giving a frequency of 32 map units. In order to justify if there is a significant difference between the 32 map units observed and the 26 map units expected, we perform a Chi -Square calculation. With à Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ² equaling 16.291, my conclusion is that the class data demonstrates a much higher frequency than expected. The degree of freedom (dÆ’) for the experiment was 1, from n-1, with 2 attributes MI and MII. Since the probability value (p) was greater than (>)0.05, we rejected the null hypothesis and accepted the alternative hypothesis asserting that our observed frequency of 32 map units is significantly different from the expected 26 map units provided by published results. Possible Sources of error can be closely examined from the bench data results. Besides an over calculation of MI and MII asci, mentioned earlier that produced inconsistent figures, another source of miscalculation may have come from counting/including hybrid crossovers that had a 3-1-2 or 2-3-1 abnormal arrangement. Many times students were obligated to restructure a new slide of perithecia because their slide either did not have enough hybrids, or they ruptured the vulnerable perithecia incorrectly, proving very time consuming. Overall, the conducted lab was precise in calculating the frequency. Sordaria fimicola investigations have multiple purposes and applications. If conducted correctly, the fungus demonstrates an accurate arrangement of spores resulting from the meiotic and mitotic divisions. In a very similar laboratory experiment, Meiosis and Recombination in Sordaria Fimicola, the same approaches of the two labs shared common procedures including: crossing a wild type and mutant type gene, growing the hyphae in rotting vegetation, and calculating the genetic map distances. Calculating the number of map units will be consistent throughout most Sordaria fimicola studies because the frequency of crossing over is always divided by 2(because frequency of recombination is exactly .5 of frequency crossed over) proved in most investigations. The easiness of growing agar on Petri dishes and crossing a wild type and mutant gene increases recombination of genetic material, leading to increases in the range of genotypes, paving a way towards future increases in biological develo pment. References Helms, Doris R., Carl W. Helms, Robert J. Kosinski, and John R. Cummings. Biology in the Laboratory Third Edition :Biol 1161 Biol 1162 : Intoduction to Biological Sciences Laboratory University of Houston. Third. New York : W.H. Freeman and Company, 1998. 334-352. Print. Meiosis and Recombination in Sordaria Fimicola. n. pag. Web. 8 Mar 2010. . Volk, Tom. Sordaria Fimicola, a fungus used in genetics. n. pag. Web. 6 Mar 2010. .

Essay --

SOLAR ENERGY IN THE PHILIPPINES Nowadays, our environment has been experiencing several challenges that leads to it slight decline towards being damaged. Many things have occurred that has caused harm because of the effects of damage towards the environment. And as of now, we are seeing nature slowly depleting and getting destroyed due to the activities man engage to that consume our surroundings. These problems are now accepted as global problems since this issue affects the planet all throughout and not contained in only certain areas. Currently, we are facing issues that damage our planet slowly and yet despite finding ways on how to alleviate the problems, nothing seems to work since our planet still continuously shows signs of not improving. According to the World Population Review (2013), the Philippines is ranked as the 12th most populated country in the world. With less than 100 million in population, there is no doubt that the country’s energy consumption and production has been increasing over time. The Department of Energy states the Philippines’ main sources of energy come from natural gases, coal and petroleum. While all of these sources provide power and energy for the country, at the same time they also cause negative effects to the Philippine environment. Because of these sources, the country has been experiencing some issues regarding environmental problems such as large emissions of CO2 or commonly known as carbon dioxide that is one of the root causes of one of the biggest known factors of global warming, the Greenhouse Effect. These greenhouse gases come from burning millions of tons of CO2 that eventually harm the environment just by making contact with air, along with this it is also produced after having ... ...from the sun, energy consumption will be at its lowest and cheapest. In conclusion, solar energy should be utilized as the country’s primary source of electricity due to the fact that it has many benefits that would be good for several factors and do good not only for the environment but to the economy and the people of the country as well. As our country’s energy consumption increase rapidly annually, the government must find alternatives and be aware of the options that could save the country’s situation in terms of energy consumption and environment issues, which is why it is much more preferable to opt to use solar power because it is less costly, it is harmless to the environment, it is versatile and it will always remain as an abundant source of energy. All in all, solar energy must be our main source of power in order to improve the situation of the nation.